Peripheral nerves is the collective term for the components of the nervous system situated outside the brain and spinal cord, comprising cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. As a research concept, it focuses on investigating their anatomical structure, physiological function in transmitting sensory and motor signals, developmental biology, and the pathophysiology of associated disorders, highlighting their essential role in connecting the central nervous system to the body's periphery and mediating sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic regulation.